From VoidableTransactions.com

Site: Remedies

Remedies Mainuvta07remedies

REMEDIES

WHAT ARE THE CREDITORS REMEDIES?

The last consideration in an UVTA analysis is the remedy to be employed by the Creditor to either avoid the transfer and enforce the judgment directly against the asset under §7, or to obtain a money judgment against the Transferee under §8(b) and (c).

Historically, avoidance of the transaction has long been the primary remedy available to creditors bringing fraudulent transfer actions, although the Uniform Fraudulent Conveyances Act of 1918 also allowed the Creditor to restrain the Transferee from further transferring the property away, and for the appointment of a Receiver to take charge of the property. The UFCA did not, however, specifically allow a court to award money damages against a Transferee for the value of the asset.

When the Uniform Fraudulent Transfers Act was adopted by the ULC in 1986, provisions were included in §§ 8(a) and (b) to expressly allow the Creditor to collect a money judgment against the Transferee for the value of the asset that had been transferred. These provisions tracked somewhat the 1978 and 1986 amendments to the Bankruptcy Code which authorized the Trustee to obtain the value of the property from the Transferee. But whereas Bankruptcy Code § 550 leaves to the discretion of the court whether value is awardable in lieu of avoidance of the transfer, UVTA §§ 8(a) and (b) effectively allows the Creditor to elect which remedy is sought.

But avoidance, and not a money judgment, is still the most popular relief sought by creditors. The basic idea is that title to the asset is returned to the Debtor, so that the Creditor may then enforce the judgment through ordinary means against the asset. In post-judgment litigation, these two steps are apt to occur simultaneously, i.e., the Court rules that the transfer has been avoided, and then requires the asset to be turned over either to the Creditor directly, or to the "levying officer" (read: Sheriff) to hold a judicial sale.

Creditors will sometimes seek to have a Receiver appointed by the Court to take charge of the asset. This is usually a strategic play, with the idea being that the Creditor can have the Receiver appointed for this limited purpose ("get his foot in the door"), and then the Receiver's powers can thereafter be expanded to encompass the totality of the Debtor's estate.


Prefatory Note (UFTA 1984).
An important reform effected by the Uniform Fraudulent Conveyance Act was the elimination of any requirement that a creditor have obtained a judgment or execution returned unsatisfied before bringing an action to avoid a transfer as fraudulent. See American Surety Co. v. Conner, 251 N.Y. 1, 166 N.E. 783, 67 A.L.R. 244 (1929) (per C.J. Cardozo).
Prefatory Note (UFTA 1984).
Section 7 lists the remedies available to creditors under the new Act.
It eliminates as unnecessary and confusing a differentiation made in the Uniform Fraudulent Conveyance Act between the remedies available to holders of matured claims and those holding unmatured claims.
Since promulgation of the Uniform Fraudulent Conveyance Act the Supreme Court has imposed restrictions on the availability and use of prejudgment remedies.
As a result many states have amended their statutes and rules applicable to such remedies, and it is frequently unclear whether a state’s procedures include a prejudgment remedy against a fraudulent transfer or obligation.
Section 7 accommodates prejudgment remedies if available under applicable law.
Reporter's Comment to § 7 ¶ 1.
This section is derived from §§ 9 and 10 of the Uniform Fraudulent Conveyance Act.
Section 9 of that Act specified the remedies of creditors whose claims have matured, and § 10 enumerated the remedies available to creditors whose claims have not matured.
A creditor holding an unmatured claim may be denied the right to receive payment from the proceeds of a sale on execution until the claim has matured, but the proceeds may be deposited in court or in an interest-bearing account pending the maturity of the creditor’s claim.
The remedies specified in this section are not exclusive.
Reporter's Comment to § 7 ¶ 6.
The remedies specified in § 7, like those enumerated in §§ 9 and 10 of the Uniform Fraudulent Conveyance Act, are cumulative. Lind v. O. N. Johnson Co., 204 Minn. 30, 40, 282 N.W. 661, 667, 119 A.L.R. 940 (1939) (Uniform Fraudulent Conveyance Act held not to impair or limit availability of the “old practice” of obtaining judgment and execution returned unsatisfied before proceeding in equity to set aside a transfer); Conemaugh Iron Works Co. v. Delano Coal Co., Inc., 298 Pa. 182, 186, 148 A. 94, 95 (1929) (Uniform Fraudulent Conveyance Act held to give an “additional optional remedy” and not to “deprive a creditor of the right, as formerly, to work out his remedy at law”); 1 G. Glenn, Fraudulent Conveyances and Preferences 120, 130, 150 (Rev. ed. 1940).





REMEDIES TOPICS AND OPINIONS


Retrieved from http://voidabletransactions.com/index.php?n=Site.Mainuvta07remedies
Page last modified on May 08, 2022, at 05:47 PM